1. exchange n.交换;交流 vt.交换;交流;交易;兑换

(教材P2)I’m an exchange student from the UK. 我是来自英国的一名交换生。

(1)in exchange for 交换

cultural exchange 文化交流

(2)exchange sth. for sth. 用某物来交换某物

exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交换某物

We students should often exchange ideas with our parents, who are rich in experience.

我们学生应该经常和父母交流意见，他们经验丰富。

He has decided to exchange his old car for a new one.

他已决定把旧车换成新车。

2. designer n.设计者

(教材P2)A designer. 一名设计师。

design n. 设计;设计方案

vt. 设计;筹划

be designed for sb./sth. 为……所设计

be designed to do sth. 被设计用于做某事，打算用来做某事

by design＝on purpose 有意地，故意地

The Project Hope is designed to help those children who drop out of school because of poverty.

希望工程是打算用来帮助因贫穷而辍学的孩子的。

The building which is designed for weddings and other celebrations is very beautiful.

为结婚典礼和其他庆祝活动而设计的楼非常漂亮。

Do you think that he didn’t turn up by accident or by design?

你认为他没出现是偶然地还是故意地?

3. anxious adj.焦虑的;不安的

(1)be anxious for/about… 为……担心/担忧

be anxious (for sb.) to do sth. 急于(让某人)做某事

(2)anxiously adv. 焦虑地

(3)anxiety n. 焦虑;担心;害怕

with anxiety 焦虑地

I was anxious about/for his safety when I heard the news of the train accident.

当我听到火车发生事故的消息时，我很担心他的安全。

Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to find it didn’t fit.

＝She took the dress out of the package and tried it on with anxiety, only to find it didn’t fit.

她焦急地从包裹里拿出裙子穿上，结果发现它不合身。

anxious/eager

anxious

强调“担心或焦急”，对结果感到不安。

eager

强调积极向上的期望。

4. annoyed adj.恼怒的;生气的

(1)be annoyed with sb. 对某人生气

be annoyed at/about sth. 因某事生气

(2)annoy vt. 使恼怒;打扰

(3)annoying adj. 使人不高兴的;恼人的;烦人的

I know you are feeling annoyed these days because you are not able to communicate with others effectively.

我知道这些天来你正感到烦恼，因为你不能有效地与他人交流。

Being constantly exposed to advertisements is annoying, but it can be pleasant sometimes.

经常接触广告是很烦人的，但有时也会令人愉快。

His constant joking was beginning to annoy her. Annoying as he was, I thought she should not be annoyed with him.

他不停地开玩笑，已开始惹她不高兴了。尽管他很烦人，我认为她也不该对他生气。

5. frightened adj.惊吓的;害怕的

(1)be frightened at/by… 因……害怕，被……吓坏了

be frightened of… 害怕……

(2)frighten vt. 使惊吓，使惊恐

frighten sb. into/out of doing sth. 吓得某人做/不敢做某事

frighten…away/off 吓跑…

(3)frightening adj. 令人惊恐的，骇人的

I’m frightened of walking home alone in the dark.

我害怕在黑夜独自走路回家。

They frightened the old lady into taking out her old vase.

他们吓得那位老太太拿出了她的旧花瓶。

It was a frightening night.

那是个令人恐惧的夜晚。

6. senior adj.级别(或地位)高的 n.较年长的人

(教材P4)So this is it—senior high school at last!

这就是了—终于到了高中学校!

(1)senior high school (美国)高中

(2)junior adj. 地位(或职位、级别)低下的

n. 职位较低者;(体育运动中)青少年

junior high school (美国)初级中学

(3)be senior to… 比……年长/资深

be junior to… 比……年幼/资历浅

be superior to… 比……更好;更胜一筹;(在级别、重要性或职位上)比……更高

He is my manager, though he is junior to me.

他是我的经理，尽管他比我年轻。

Tom is three years senior to Jack.

与杰克相比，汤姆大三岁。

We have a relationship superior to those of many of our friends.

我们的关系要比我们其他许多朋友的关系好得多。

senior、junior、superior等本身含有比较的意味，故没有比较级和最高级;表示比较时，不与than而与to搭配。

7. impression n.印象;感想

(教材P4)I want to make a good first impression. 我想给别人留下良好的第一印象。

(1)make an impression留下好印象

(2)impress vt. 使钦佩;给……留下深刻的好印象

vi. 留下印象;引人注目

be impressed by/at/with… 对……印象深刻

(3)impressive adj. 给人深刻印象的

What impressed him most was their speed.

最令他佩服的是他们的速度。

The audience was impressed by his amazing performance.

观众对他令人惊讶的表演印象深刻。

This is because they can make impressive movements when they dive.

这是因为它们潜水时能做出令人印象深刻的动作。

8. concentrate vi.&vt.集中(注意力);聚精会神

(教材P4)I couldn’t concentrate on the experiment. 我没法专心做实验。

(1)concentrate on 集中精力于

concentrate one’s mind/one’s attention/oneself on 集中注意力于;致力于;专心于

(2)concentration n. 集中;专心

Playing computer games can give us some relaxation after school, but as students we must concentrate on our studies.

放学后玩电脑游戏能使我们放松，但是作为学生，我们必须集中精力学习。

We must concentrate our attention on improving design.

我们必须致力于改进设计。

Speaking on the phone requires concentration and takes a driver’s attention from the road.

打电话需要集中注意力，这样就分散了司机对路面的注意力。

9. leave…alone不打扰;不惊动

(教材P4)I really wanted to tell him to please be quiet and leave me alone!

我真想对他说：请安静点，别打扰我!

leave behind 遗留;把……抛在后面;超过

leave aside 搁置一边;不考虑

leave for… 动身到……

leave off 停止;中断

leave out 省略;遗漏

She asked to be left alone but the reporter followed her all the way.

她要求一个人待着，但是那个记者一路都跟着她。

I’ve told you to leave my things alone.

我已经告诉过你不要动我的东西。

I wonder why they left aside such an important question.

我想知道他们为什么不考虑如此重要的一个问题。

10. explore vt.&vi.探索;勘探

(教材P4)I miss my friends from junior high school, but I believe I will make new friends here, and there’s a lot to explore at senior high.

我想念我初中的小伙伴们，但我也相信，我在这儿会结交到新朋友，而且高中会有很多事物等待着我去探索。

(1)explore (sth.) for oil/minerals 勘探石油/矿物

explore the possibility of… 探讨……的可能性

(2)explorer n. 探测者

(3)exploration n. 勘探;探测;探险

While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration.

尽管高中并不鼓励学生们探索生活中的新领域，大学为这一探险搭好舞台。

I’m going to explore the possibility of a part-time job.

我要好好想想做份兼职工作的可能性。

Having explored the lonely island, the explorer took a short rest and then decided to make further explorations.

在探索完这座荒凉的小岛之后，这位探索者稍作休息，然后决定作进一步探索。

11. confident adj.自信的;有把握的

(教材P4)I feel much more confident than I felt this morning. 我感觉现在比早上有信心多了。

(1)be confident about 对……有信心

be confident about/of (doing) sth. 对(做)某事有把握

(2)confidence n. 信心;信任

have/lose confidence in… 对……有/失去信心

have confidence to do sth. 有信心做某事

with confidence 有信心地

Joyce is very confident about using computers.

乔伊丝对使用电脑非常自信。

The girl has confidence in persuading her mother to go with her.

这个女孩有信心说服母亲和她一起去。

1. What if…?

(教材P4)What if no one talks to me? 如果没有人和我说话怎么办?

What if…?常用来提出假设、建议、邀请、要求等，意为“倘若……将会怎样?”“如果……将会怎样?”

(1)What if…?意为“如果……将怎么办?”，可以看作“What will happen if…?”的省略形式;还可表示“即使……又有什么关系?”，看作是“What does it matter if…?”的省略形式。常用于令人不愉快的事情发生时。

(2)What if…?意为“如果……怎么样?”，用于表示提出有益的建议。

(3)So what?“那又怎么样?”

What (…) for?“为何，为何目的?”

(4)How/What about…?“……怎么样?”

Why not do…?“为什么不做某事?”

What if this problem has to be solved in the next half an hour?

在接下来的半小时里，如果必须解决这个问题会怎样呢?

What if you join us for lunch?

同我们一起吃午饭怎么样?

What did he go to the office for last night?

他昨晚去办公室干什么了?
2. “find＋宾语＋宾补”结构

(教材P4)I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. 我觉得我的大多数同学和老师都很友好，而且乐于助人。

句中most of my classmates and teachers为宾语，形容词短语friendly and helpful为宾语补足语。

“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构形式归纳：

(2)find＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do(it是形式宾语，to do是真正的宾语)

Even the best writers sometimes find themselves lost for words.

甚至最好的作家有时候也会发现自己表达不出来。

Dick found himself walking in the direction of Mike’s place.

迪克发现自己正朝迈克家的方向走去。

However, when preparing for the English speech contest, I found it very challenging to collect information and use language correctly.

然而，为英语演讲比赛做准备时，我发现收集信息和正确使用语言非常具有挑战性。

3. what引导感叹句

(教材P4)What a day! 多好的一天啊!

该句是what引导的感叹句，省略了主语和谓语it was。

感叹句常用来表示惊叹、赞美、喜悦等语气。常见句型：

(1)What＋a/an＋形容词＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语!

＝How＋形容词＋a/an＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语!

(2)What＋(形容词)＋不可数名词/复数名词＋主语＋谓语!

(3)How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语!

(4)How＋主语＋谓语!

What a strange plant (＝How strange a plant)!

I’ve never seen it before.

这种植物真奇怪!我以前从未见过。

How time flies!

时间过得真快啊!